![]() ![]() His 1929 work Woman in the Moon came as the silent film era was coming to a close, and notably introduced the idea of counting down the time to a rocket launch. Set in the year 2026, it included elements such as an autonomous robot, a mad scientist, a dystopian society, and elaborate futuristic sets. ![]() His 1927 film Metropolis was the most expensive film ever released up to that point. In Germany, one of the most important pioneers of science fiction was the Expressionist Fritz Lang. In Soviet Russia, the film Aelita discussed social revolution in the context of a voyage to Mars. European film-makers began to use the genre for prediction and social commentary. Meanwhile, in Europe, the 1920s displayed a distinct difference from American cinema. It was one of the earliest examples of stop-motion animation, and also introduced several now-famous science fiction concepts, like monsters, dinosaurs, and hidden worlds. Into the 1920s, another success was The Lost World, based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's book of the same name. These two also demonstrated an early overlap between the science fiction and horror genres. Hyde, brought the concept of mad scientists to cinema. Others, such as Edison Studios' 1910 adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein, and the 1913 adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jules Verne's classic 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea was adapted multiple times, notably into the 1916 film, one of the first feature-length science fiction films. Science fiction literature would continue to influence early films. ![]() Its ground-breaking special effects pioneered the way for future science-fiction films, and it became largely popular after its release. Wells in its depiction of a spacecraft being launched to the moon in a large cannon. A Trip to the Moon, created by Georges Méliès in 1902 is often considered to be the first science fiction film. These usually had a technological theme, and were often intended to be humorous. The initial attempts were short films of typically 1 to 2 minutes in duration, shot in black and white, but sometimes with colour tinting. Science fiction films appeared very early in the silent film era. ![]()
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